Those who are reluctant should be given a brief intervention to increase their motivation to quit
The liquid that is vaporised in an E-Cigarette is made up from propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerine (VG), nicotine and flavourings
Associate Professor and Director, Substance Use & Neurocognition Lab, School of Psychological Science - Oregon State University Read More Mary Rezk-Hanna Ph.D., Associate Professor, UCLA Joe C
PMC 1766065
In addition, the research can directly assign industry responsibility for these losses, including that of the tobacco industry

CNS depression and cardiorespiratory failure in large amounts [, ] Metabolism in high amounts is not possible, leading to its accumulation and toxicity [] Acrolein .ppm per h Highly toxic respiratory and cardiovascular toxicant [, ] Highly reactive, leading to DNA and protein adduction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, membrane damage, mitochondrial disruption, oxidative stress and immune dysfunction [] Cadmium g m of air for h Pulmonary changes with obstructive damage, renal dysfunction and teratogenicity in animals [] Interacts with DNA repair machinery, acts as a catalyst for ROS production, increases lipid peroxidation and induces apoptosis in cellular systems [, ] Chromium .mg mNasal ulcers and perforations, lung and prostate cancers [] Under physiological conditions, can produce reactive intermediates, hydrogen peroxide and GSH, which can attack DNA, protein and membrane lipids [] Formaldehyde .ng mRespiratory inflammation, pneumonia and bronchitis, neurological symptoms [] Highly reactive electrophilic reagent that can easily attach to neutrophilic biological targets, leading to formation of harmful adducts and ROS [] Nicotine .mg mHypertension, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, bronchorrhea, hyperpnoea [, ] Toxicity attributed to oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation and DNA adduct formation [] N-Nitrosamine .ng mCarcinogen []Forms diazonium or oxynium ions which cause alkylating DNA [] Tol uene ppm per h Neurotoxicity including euphoria, depression, cognitive impairment [] Metabolises to form hippurate ions resulting in metabolic acidosis and hypokalaemia [] Lead g m per h Neurotoxin, cardiotoxin, behavioral and developmental changes [] Causes oxidative stress and ionic imbalance [] CNS, central nervous system
