Environ Sci Technol 56:1458514593 Yan YY, Ye F, Ho MH, Yeung KCY, Lee JJ (2024) Biomarkers of waterpipe tobacco smoke exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
20, 21, 22 Individuals who smoke die on average 10 years prematurely, and those who start smoking younger, are at increased risk of premature death
Educational campaigns that inform about environmental impacts lead to measurable behavioral changes - especially among young people for whom environmental protection is important
Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines)
United Kingdom: Public Health England continues to endorse vaping as a less harmful alternative to smoking
The dangers of loss of quality of life are higher than in any other preventable disease