The same pattern of associations was observed in a series of sensitivity analyses with additional adjustment for COPD and chronic pulmonary infections, excluding participants who had third-degree or higher relatedness, excluding participants who developed outcomes within two years of baseline, and those who had a mismatch between calculation and self-reported never-smoking
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What Is Needed Reaching the tobacco endgame and preventing use by kids and young adults will require strong government oversight
Collectively, these results are consistent with the WHO MPOWER (Monitor, Protect, Offer help, Warn, Enforce, Raise taxes) framework particularly the Offer help and Warn components, emphasizing that educational exposure and health-warning visibility are associated with youth cessation behaviors