However, recent studies like the EAGLES trial found no significant increase in neuropsychiatric events among patients with mental illness using varenicline compared to placebo
n = 21) for gastric cardia and 1.48 (95% CI 1.331.66
Nicotine also produces long-term effects on the dopamine system, which is involved in reward, mood and addiction
For instance, too much nicotine causes diarrhoea in both vape users and cigarette smokers
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[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 70.Loffredo L., Zicari A.M., Occasi F., Perri L., Carnevale R., Angelico F., Del Ben M., Martino F., Nocella C., De Castro G., et al