Level of cigarette consumption The next section of analysis in this article focuses on the level of consumption, distinguishing between smokers consuming on average 20 cigarettes or more per day (hereafter referred to as heavy smokers) and daily smokers with a lower level of consumption (hereafter referred to as light smokers)
Some of the other cancer-causing agents found in chewing tobacco are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, arsenic, benzopyrene, nickel, and cadmium
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Maternal smoking and its association with birth weight
Some have suggested that the smoking-related mortality differential between African Americans and whites is because African Americans overwhelmingly smoke menthol cigarettes, which are potentially more addictive (e.g., [IOM 2001])
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